A wani gagarumin sauyi a manufofin da ya haifar da girgiza a fannin masana'antar gilashi a China, gwamnatin China ta rage rangwamen VAT ga dukkan kayayyakin gilashi zuwa kashi 0%, wanda zai fara aiki daga ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 2026. Kawar da rangwamen ba zato ba tsammani - wanda a da ya kama daga kashi 9% zuwa kashi 13% - ya lalata gasa a farashin masu fitar da gilashin kasar Sin, wanda hakan ya haifar da cikas ga samar da kayayyaki, ribar da ake samu, da kuma yanayin samar da kayayyaki a duniya a fadin masana'antar.
Bayani da Cikakkun Bayanai game da Manufofi
A ranar 8 ga Janairu, 2026, Ma'aikatar Kudi da Hukumar Haraji ta Jiha sun fitar da Sanarwa Mai Lamba 2026-2, inda suka soke rangwamen fitar da kayayyaki daga VAT ga nau'ikan kayayyaki 249, tare da kayayyakin gilashi da aka fi so. Manufar ta shafi dukkan nau'ikan kayan gilashi, ciki har da:
- Gilashi mai faɗi, gilashin da aka sanyaya, gilashin da aka yi wa laminated, da gilashin da ke rufewa
- Kwalayen gilashi (kwalba, kwalba, ampoules) da kayan teburi (kayan stemware, gilashin kicin)
- Gilashin gani, gilashin dakin gwaje-gwaje, da kayayyakin zare gilashi
- Gilashin ado, madubai, da kayan haɗin gilashi na musamman
Gyaran ya fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 2026, ba tare da wani lokacin sauyawa ba. Jigilar kayayyaki da aka ayyana don fitarwa a wannan rana ko bayan haka ba za su sami kuɗin haraji ba, yayin da fitar da kayayyaki kafin 1 ga Afrilu ya kasance mai cancanta don ƙimar rangwame ta asali. Wannan shine farkon cire rangwamen fitarwa gaba ɗaya ga masana'antar gilashi ta China, wani ɓangaren da ya daɗe yana dogara da irin waɗannan abubuwan ƙarfafawa don ci gaba da gasa a farashi a duniya. Babban ƙalubale ne ga masu samar da murfi na gilashi.
Mummunan Tasiri Kan Masana'antar Gilashi Ta China
Sakamakon rage rangwamen ya haifar da mummunan koma-baya ga masana'antun gilashi, musamman ƙananan da matsakaitan kamfanoni (SMEs) waɗanda suka dogara da kasuwannin fitar da kayayyaki.
1. Farashin Fitar da Kaya daga Sama da Rushewar Gefen
Da zarar an kawar da rangwame, masu fitar da kaya suna fuskantar karuwar kashi 9-13% cikin dare ɗaya a cikin kuɗin aiki. Ga masana'antar da ke fama da hauhawar farashin kayan aiki, makamashi, da ma'aikata, wannan ya rage ribar riba—ƙananan ƙananan masana'antu da yawa yanzu suna aiki a daidai lokacin da aka samu raguwar ko kuma asara a kan oda da ake da su. Manyan masana'antu, kamar Fuyao Glass, sun kuma yi gargaɗi game da matsi na riba da yuwuwar hauhawar farashi ga masu siye a duniya.
2. Soke Oda & Haɗarin Raba Kasuwa ta Duniya
Kayayyakin gilashin kasar Sin, wadanda a da aka san su da araha mara misaltuwa, sun rasa darajar farashinsu. Masu shigo da kayayyaki daga kasashen waje—wadanda ke fuskantar tsada mai yawa—suna sake tattaunawa kan farashi, suna rage yawan oda, ko kuma suna komawa ga masu samar da kayayyaki a Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, Turai, ko Arewacin Amurka. Rahotannin masana'antu sun nuna raguwar kashi 20-30% a sabbin odar fitar da kayayyaki tun daga ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 2026, inda kayan tebur da gilashin kwantena suka fi shan wahala.
3. Rage Samarwa da Katsewar Aiki
Domin rage asara, ɗaruruwan masana'antun gilashi - musamman a manyan cibiyoyin samar da kayayyaki kamar Zhejiang, Shandong, da Guangdong - sun rage yawan samarwa, dakatar da aiki, ko kuma rufe wuraren aiki na ɗan lokaci. Masana'antar, wacce ke ɗaukar ma'aikata sama da miliyan 5, yanzu tana fuskantar ƙaruwar haɗarin rashin aikin yi da kuma matsalolin sarkar samar da kayayyaki ga abokan cinikin duniya da suka dogara da kayayyakin gilashin China.
4. Kalubalen Tsarin Ga Ƙananan Masana'antu
Ƙananan kamfanoni, waɗanda ke da kashi 70% na yawan fitar da gilashi daga China, ba su da juriyar kuɗi na manyan kamfanoni. Da yawa ba za su iya ɗaukar ƙarin farashi ko kuma su ba wa masu siye su ba, wanda ke haifar da ƙaruwar rufewar kasuwanci da fatara. Manufar ta ƙara ta'azzara rarrabuwar kawuna a masana'antu, tana fifita masana'antun da ke da ƙarfin bincike da haɓaka, ƙarfin alama, da kuma mai da hankali kan kasuwar cikin gida.
Dalilin Manufar Gwamnati
Hukumomi sun tsara cire rangwamen a matsayin wani mataki na dabarun inganta masana'antar, ba wai kawai matakin rage farashi ba. Manyan manufofi sun haɗa da:
- Hana gasa mai ƙarancin daraja da ke haifar da farashi da kuma tura kamfanoni zuwa ga samfuran gilashi masu inganci da fasaha mai inganci (misali, gilashin nuni mai siriri sosai, gilashin rufewa mai amfani da makamashi)
- Rage yawan amfani da gilashi a fannin gilashi na gargajiya, wanda ya daɗe yana fama da yawan wadata da yaƙe-yaƙen farashi.
- Daidaita manufofin cinikayya na kasar Sin da ka'idojin cinikayya na duniya, tare da magance koke-koken da aka dade ana yi game da tallafin fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje
Duk da cewa gwamnati ta jaddada inganta masana'antu na dogon lokaci, ba za a iya musanta wahalar da masu fitar da kayayyaki ke sha a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci ba, inda mutane da yawa ke jayayya cewa an gabatar da manufar ba zato ba tsammani ba tare da isasshen hanyoyin tallafi ba.
Martanin Masana'antu & Dabaru na Daidaitawa
Ganin yadda masana'antun gilashin kasar Sin ke fuskantar kalubalen rayuwa, suna daukar matakan gaggawa da na dogon lokaci don daidaita su:
- Daidaita Farashi & Tattaunawar Abokan Ciniki: Yawancin masu fitar da kaya sun ƙara farashi da kashi 8-12% don daidaita rangwamen da aka rasa, tare da samun nasara iri-iri wajen riƙe abokan ciniki na ƙasashen waje.
- Inganta Kuɗi: Masana'antu suna rage kashe kuɗi marasa mahimmanci, suna inganta ingantaccen samarwa, da kuma yin shawarwari kan mafi kyawun sharuɗɗa da masu samar da kayan aiki.
- Bambancin Kasuwa: Kamfanoni suna mayar da hankali kan buƙatun cikin gida da kasuwannin da ke tasowa (misali, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Latin Amurka) don rage dogaro da kasuwannin Yammacin Turai na gargajiya.
- Haɓaka Kayayyaki: Zuba jari a cikin gilashi mai ɗorewa, mai daraja (misali, gilashin da aka sake yin amfani da shi, gilashin wayo) yana hanzarta jawo hankalin masu siye masu daraja da kuma tabbatar da farashi mai tsada.
- Ba da Shawara kan Manufofi: Ƙungiyoyin masana'antu suna yin kira ga gwamnati da ta ba da tallafi mai ma'ana, kamar rage haraji ga bincike da ci gaba ko kuma rancen da ba shi da riba ga ƙananan kamfanoni.
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-25-2026
